A 46-year-old woman presents with left-sided flank pain and gross hematuria for one week. The pain is not relieved by postural changes or acetaminophen. There is no history of dysuria, urgency, or frequency.

She has two children, and is presently 30 days post-partum after a full-term pregnancy that culminated in an uncomplicated, spontaneous vaginal delivery.

Her medical history is notable for type 2 diabetes mellitus which is well controlled on metformin. Her surgical and family histories are unremarkable.